Born at Sheriff-Hutton, Yorks, he entered the itinerancy in 1763 and from 1773 served as Wesley's Book Steward (trading from 1785 as a coal-merchant on the side!). Under the influence of Dr. John Taylor of Norwich he moved towards Arianism. He took the side of the Dewsbury trustees and left the connexion in 1788 to become minister of the estranged congregation there.